Bán István: Remote sensing in nature (2003)
Contents
CONTENTS l.Introduction..................................................................................................................... 9 2. The history of remote sensing..................................................................................... 13 3. Remote sensing on the Earth...................................................................................... 25 3.1 Visual observation in the field and the forming of observation classes.............. 25 3.1.1 Observation in the field by means of photo emulsion.................................. 30 3.1.1.1 Determination and recording of the formal characteristics and colour conditions of subjects in the field by means of photo emulsion............................................................................................................ 30 3.1.1.2 Video records........................................................................................... 32 3.2 The relation of formal characteristics and colour conditions.............................. 33 3.2.1 Metrization of the properties ........................................................................... 34 3.3 Evaluation of formal characteristics and colour conditions by independence investigation............................................................................................ 35 3.4 Determination of the absolute dimension of formations in space........................ 37 3.4.1 Error computation............................................................................................. 37 3.5 Investigation of the ratio of areal formations ...................................................... 39 3.5.1 Investigation of the ratio of areal formations on a single record............... 39 3.5.2 Determination of the measure of the cover by a given plant...................... 43 3.6 Observation of radiation in the field by a detector.............................................. 44 3.6.1 Investigation of the effect of chemicals and the disclosure of the site by infraredtechnics ................................................................................ 45 3.7 Holography................................................................................................................ 46 4. Remote sensing from the air ........................................................................................ 48 4.1 Transportation technics .......................................................................................... 48 4.2 Direct aerial observation by eye............................................................................. 49 4.2.1 Definition of observation scale ........................................................................ 49 4.2.2 Direct aerial observation by eye from the atmosphere................................ 50 4.2.3 Observations in connection with the set-up of construction works............ 51 4.2.4 Environment-meteorological and hydrological survey ............................... 51 4.2.5 Survey of ground surface................................................................................. 52 4.2.6 Observation of natural plant associations ...................................................... 52 4.2.6.1 Observation of aquatic phytocoenoses ................................................. 53 4.2.6.2 Observation of natural terrestrial phytocoenoses ............................... 54