ACTA AGRONOMICA VOLUME 42. (A MTA AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI KÖZLEMÉNYEI, 1993)

1993 / 1-2. szám - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY - ILDIKÓ KARSAI-Z. BEDŐ-L. BALLA: Effect of donor plant growth environment on in vitro androgenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 42 (1-2), pp. 3-9 (1993) Plant physiology and biochemistry EFFECT OF DONOR PLANT GROWTH ENVIRONMENT ON IN VITRO ANDROGENESIS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ILDIKÓ KARSAI, Z. BEDŐ and L. BALLA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MARTONVÁSÁR, HUNGARY (Received: 28 December, 1991; accepted: 13 November, 1992) The effect of the donor plant growing conditions on in vitro androgenesis was studied using several winter wheat varieties. The results indicate that significant differences can be expected in variety responses in different experiments due to the changes in donor plant growing conditions. The varieties also differ in their sensitivity to changes in the growth environment of the donor plants. Both genotype and donor plant environment play a significant role in determining in vitro androgenesis. Callus formation and green plant regeneration are more significantly influenced by genotype than by environmental factors. In contrast, environmental factors and the genotype x environment interaction are chiefly responsible for the extent of total plant regeneration. Keywords: wheat, anther culture, genotype, donor plant growing condition Introduction The frequency of in vitro androgenesis is significantly influenced by the genotype and also by the donor plant growth environment. Many authors have reported that there was a significant difference in the androgenetic abilities of the varieties in different years (Dunwell, 1976; Foroughi-Wehr and Mix, 1979). The importance of growth conditions was demonstrated by comparing!« vitro androgenesis of field-grown plants to that of plants raised in the greenhouse or growth chamber (Lazaretal., 1984; Jones and Petolino, 1987; Barnabás et al., 1989; Björnstad et al., 1989). Several researchers have studied the effect of genotype and donor plant growth environment on microspore embryogenesis, with a simultaneous study of the interactions. The results indicate that the environment of the donor plant also plays a significant role in the determination of callus induction. It has less influence than the genotype and makes its effect on callus formation through interaction with the genotype (Charmet and Bernard, 1984; Lazaret al., 1984; Jones and Petolino, 1987; Björnstad et al., 1989). With respect to plant regeneration ability, most of the results indicate that total plant regeneration is not significantly influenced either by the genotype, or by the donor plant environment, or by interactions between these two factors (Andersen et al., 1987; Knudsen et al., 1989; Tuvesson et al., 1989). By contrast, Lazar et al. ( 1984) found a genotype effect significant at the P=0.001 level, while environmental factors did not appear to have any influence on this ability. At the same time, the frequency of green plant regeneration was more influenced by genotype than by environmental factors. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest

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