Korunk 2023 (III. folyam 34.)
2023 / 10. szám = 1848-1849. Örökség és emlékezet - ABSTRACTS
ABSTRACTS László Csorba ■ Lajos Tüköry on the Battlefields of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848-49 Keywords: Lajos Tüköry, freedom fighter, 1848/1849, Transylvania, Józef Bem, Garibaldi Lajos Tüköry (1830-1860) completed his regrettably short but successful military career as a hero of three nations. When the Hungarian War of Independence broke out in the summer of 1848, he first became a volunteer National Guard, then served in the 55th Honvéd Battalion on the Transylvanian battlefields, first against the Austrian Imperial and then the Russian Tsarist troops. In the summer of 1849, he emigrated to Turkey and entered the Ottoman army as a first lieutenant. After military service in Syria, he faced the Russian tsarist army again on the Caucasus front of the Crimean War (1853-56), and although he was wounded in the arm, he fought with such valor that he was appointed major and awarded by the Medjidije medal. When the war broke out in Northern Italy between the French- Piedmontese and Austrian forces in 1859, Tüköry returned to Europe and joined the Hungarian Legion established in Genova, but his unit was demobilized due to the Armistice of Villafranca. He then joined Garibaldi’s thousand red shirts, took part in the legendary Sicilian battles as a lieutenant colonel and finally received a fatal wound on 27 May 1860, at the entrance of Palermo. He was appointed postumus colonel by the dictator of Sicily. Robert Hermann ■ Legends and Myths of 1848-49 Keywords: Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49, myths, legends The study reviews the national myths and legends that are linked to the history of the 1848-49 Revolution and War of Independence. These include the legend that Sándor Petőfi recited the National Song on the steps of the National Museum on 15 March 1848; that Croatian ban Josip Jellacic broke the terms of the three-day armistice following the Battle of Pákozd on 29 September 1848. It is also unjustifiable to attribute the success of the Battle of Pákozd to the activities of the National Defence Committee, which was set up in September 1848. According to the study, the Battle of Kápolna on 26-27 February 1849 had no influence on the issue of the Olmütz Constitution of 4 March 1849, nor did Franz Joseph I kiss the hand of the Russian Tsar Nicholas I in Warsaw on 21 May 1849. It also briefly touches on the assumptions surrounding Petőfi’s deportation to Siberia and the interpretation of 1848-49 as a Masonic world conspiracy. Zoltán Ress-Wimmer ■ The History of the Honvéd Asylum 1914-19 Keywords: Honvéd Asylum, Budapest, invalids of war, memory of 1848 Since its establishment in 1872, the Honvéd Asylum has served as the home for the elderly veterans of ’48 on Soroksári Road in Budapest. On the eve of the First World War, the building’s 150-person capacity was only utilized to 60%, reflecting the decline in the number of the still living participants of the revolution, which significantly impacted the subsequent fate of the institution. The accommodation of a large number of wardisabled veterans of the Great War in the Ferencváros facility remained an ongoing question, but during the 1910s, even as the ranks of the veterans of ’48 continued to dwindle, they were given priority for the use of the building. We gain insight into how, while the Sword of Damocles hung over the fate of the building, the inhabitants of the forty-eighters veterans’ home experienced the times of war and how their numbers changed over the years. They participated in protocol events, funerals of former comrades, and bid farewell to their ÆC 2023/10 124