The New Hungarian Quarterly, 1962 (3. évfolyam, 6. szám)
THEATRE AND FILM
2 4 6 T H E N E W H U N G A R IA N Q U A R T E R L Y velop a new principle of form, and their artistic experiments were often of a formalistic character. Some of its members were József Egry, Ödön Márffy, Dezső Kornis, and Margit Anna. GRESHAM GROUP. A group of artists in Budapest between the two world wars; they met at the Gresham Café, hence their name. GROUP OF SOCIALIST ARTISTS. A group that came into existence in the middle of the 1930’s; its members proclaimed Marxist aesthetical views and paved the way for socialist realism. One of the foremost members of the group was István Dési Huber (1895—1944). INMATE OF FORCED LABOUR CAMP. From 1940 on, the Hungarian governments allied with Hitler’s Germany sent left-wing and progressive elements, members of national groups, Jews, or men considered as Jews, to forced labour camps. And from 1941 on they forced these people to perform dangerous tasks at the battle front. As a consequence of the inhuman conditions and of the cruel treatment a large part of the inmates of the forced labour camps perished. JÁNOS VITÉZ (John the Hero). The first great folk epic of Hungarian literature, written in 1844 by Sándor Petőfi (1823— 1849), Hungary’s greatest poet. Its hero is a poor shepherd lad who after many struggles and trying adventures wins his beloved Iluska. Pongrác Kacsóh composed an operetta based on the work. JUSTH, ZSIGMOND (1863—1894). Novelist and short story writer, who criticized the aristocracy in his works. KERNSTOK, KÁROLY (1873—1940). Painter and graphic artist, whose pictures of socialist and revolutionary content reveal a search for form. In 1919, at the time of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, he directed the free school of fine arts. Later, while living as an emigre in Germany, he came under the influence of the expressionists. KORNIS, DEZSŐ (born 1908). Painter and graphic artist, a member of the “European School” and exponent of the abstract trend. KOSSUTH, LAJOS (1802—1894). The greatest figure in the struggle for Hungarian national independence, for the abolition of feudal privileges and for civil rights waged in the 19th century. Lawyer, editor, leader of the opposition. Headed the anti-Hapsburg struggle in 1848—49. At first he was Minister of Finance in the Batthyány Government, then chairman of the National Defence Commission which exercised executive powers. Following the Independence Proclamation of April 14, 1849, when the National Assembly declared the dethronement of the House of Hapsburg, he was elected provisional head of state and governing president. After the defeat of the freedom struggle he emigrated. He lived in Turkey and Bulgaria, visited England in 1851, the United States in 1851—52, then returned to England, where with emigres of other nationalities he made plans for the overthrow of Hapsburg rule. In 1861 he went to live in Ita’y. From 1865 on—with brief interruptions—he lived in Turin until his death. KÚT (Képzőművészek Új Társasága— New Society of Artists). A group of artists formed in 1924 with progressive views, in opposition to the official art policy of the time. It was close to the post-impressionist, cubist and expressionist trends in French painting. Among its members were: József Rippl-Rónai, János Vaszary, Ödön Márffy, Béla Czóbel, József Egry, Károly Kerns tok, Aurél Bernáth, István Szőnyi, Ferenc Medgyessy and Pál Pátzay.