Magyar Építőművészet, 1961 (10. évfolyam, 1-6. szám)

HUNGARIAN ARCHITECTURE No. I. 1961 HUNGARIAN ARCHITECTURE ORGAN OF THE ASSOCIATION OF HUNGARIAN ARCHITECTS Subscription through "KULTURA” Foreign Trading Enterprise for Books and Periodicals (Budapest, 62. P. O. B. 149.) or its foreign representations. Л1. Major: “HUNGARIAN ARCHITECTURE” ABROAD ..................................................................................................... p. 3. The previous issue of our periodical was able to make certain allusions regarding successes abroad earning inter­national consideration for the architectural activities in Hungary, published by the “HUNGARIAN ARCHITEC­TURE”. The periodical was edited during 1960 with an average of 4000 copies, of which 1200 were posted abroad, i. e. 30% of each edition. Detailed statistics revealed that the highest number was sent to the Soviet Union viz. 701 copies, giving an agreable surprise. No doubt that this stream of news on an important section of Hungarian culture means obligations of elevated responsibility. ). Egressy: EXPERIMENTAL HOUSING, NEW FURNISHINGS ON THE SETTLEMENT OF ÓBUDA ___ p. 4. Preparatory work in regard to the boldly conceived housing-programme within the 2nd Five Years Plan was stardeo* based on the 3-Years technical-economical plan of the Ministry of Building. In accordance with the chapters of this plan, work was parallelly started on development of new materials, new constructions, new installations, on mechanisation, on new building methods, on modern housings errected with traditional constructions, and on built-in and mobil furnishings. Engineers and architects employed by the State Planning Bureaus were mobilized to support this work by various competitions. The first competitions had the purpose to procure up-to-date con­structions, the second was the National Housing Projecting Competition, the third the National Furnishing Compe­tition. After the final settlement of all these competitions, work was started on the design for prototypes. Designs were scrutinized, corrected, and work commenced on their execution. The prototypes of dwellings were erected on the Experimental Settlement of Óbuda (Budapest — NW) Having finished the first building the whole settle­ment was opened to public and experts, to dwellers and leaders of the industry thus enabling them to get acquainted with the concepts of the designers, and results hitherto attained in the sphere of housing and furnishing giving them the opportunity to express their views. Purpose of the demonstration of the finished and furnished flats was to select the best one from the flats of various system and size, for standardization, to correct faults hidden during planning and scrutinizing, and practical experimenting with new built-in furnitures, door and window­­constructions, accustical and termál insulations. Positiv and negativ experiences gained at the Experimental Settle­ment will be evaluated when prepering the type-plans construction of medium or large block housing-constructions to be erected by traditional or modern methods. Equipments and furnishing of the flats unequivocally demonstrated that the presupposition of their general employment is their massproduction, their harmony with the fiats and the possibility to acquire them singularly. A. Bsnkhard: THE NEW ELISABETH-BRIDGE .......................................................................................................................... p. 14. ihe site of the Budapest Elisabeth-Bridge was since centuries a wellknown crossing between the west and east shores of the Danube, increasing in importance with the establishing of Hungary in the Carpathian basin, which placed it from a frontier-place of two world-systems in the very center of a country. The bridge, finished shortly after the turn of the present century had a very important role regarding the unfolding of the town-structure, giving a definite value to the crossing-point many milleniums old. The new traffic main­­axis of the capital was developing. The first Elisabeth-Bridge was in its time a unique bold engineering achieve­ment presenting the maximum by its aesthetic appearance and its decoration corresponding with the taste of its time. A row of famous hot springs around the Buda bridgehead were forming a quiet recreation-quarter. This role of the bridge did not change until nazi-vandalism with its murderous methods bringing destruction to its slender arches was blowing the whole bridge into the waves. The reconstruction of the Budapest bridges all destructed during the siege in 1945, was an outstanding deed: all were erected broader and stronger. In case of the Elisabeth Bridge however a difficult task is awaiting the planners and constructors. Communication — policy requires a bridge of increased breadth and strength. Lengthy dis­cussions were held as to the proper place and of the construction proper. The reuse of the original site found support by the fact that considerable technical and material values were still existing there in relatively good con­dition. The new Elisabeth-bridge shall rightly follow its noble traditions by being as progressiv now in form, and in construction as it was its predecessor 60 years ago. Thus the original design with its dimensions and the chain­­construction is from the first impossible. The decision arrived at after all these considerations was for a most up­­to-date cable suspension-bridge, which though of greater breadth and strength, will not exceed in its proper weight its original. A. Gregor—G. Maroti: MODERN LIGHTING OF FLATS .................................................................................................. p. 33. Electrical installations of flats are supplying currant for the various lighting and household appliances. The architect and the interior designer, and the artist on applied art is mainly interested in lighting as apart from its functional tasks, the formation of the lamps, the space-forming effects are all particular means to increase the homely feeling, the aesthetic impressions of an appartment. To produce light, to distribute its sources, and to regulate its quality fittings of suitable dimensions are necessary. Their proper adjustment is governed by the laws of light. The task of the general light is to supply sufficient light for orientation and general occupation and in special cases for certain functions performed in the rooms. The local light is calling attention to a picture, a flower, or an interior-detail of the appartment increasing the sensational experience. General, local and spotlights should be properly placed within the “interieur” of the flat according to their size, place and colour-effect. Pending and wall-lights of simple forms, but interesting colour-effect are suiting best the modern furnitures of the up-to-date flat, and particular care should be extended to the selection of their forms and material. Apart from these purely artistic points of view start should be made from the requirements of illumination technics. J. Kathy: FAMILY-HOUSE PEASANT-HOME ........................................................................................................................... p. 37. The embarassement ruling when projecting peasant-houses is mainly caused by its double-function, and of the erroneous evaluation of same. The professional function is partly overestimated but often also underestimated, not recognising that these two function can be separated giving thus the necessary solution. Decisive changes are needed to guide the village living culture into the necessary modern direction of development. This does not necessarily mean a complete breach with traditions, in contrary this would mean a return to the most valuable traditions. Formally, just as functionally tradition and modernism are natural consequencies of each other. This development needs however the intervention of authority. F. Erdei: SOME SOCIAL-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF THE SOCIALISTIC VILLAGE ........................................ Urbanisation of the country and the mechanisation of agriculture is a worldtrend of our time. In capitalism an antagonism exists between town and village, between industry and agriculture. In the economic life of the dev ped western capitalistic countries the vertical integration is one of the most interesting phenomena. This mean'- t . . agricultural production is organized by commercial or industrial enterprises, they decide as to the goods to pr which are also marketed by them, and agriculture has only to execute the production programme presc In socialism this antagonism has ceased to exist although this does not necessarily mean that in socialistic со* antagonism between industry and agriculture vanished at once. These considerable contradiction are he c obviated step by step by the approach of the forms of property, and by the progress in development of mec <nisa­­tion and technics. The differencies still remaining between industry and agriculture are only of minor import? cc Antagonisms, resp. differencies between town and village, industry and agriculture are presenting themso according to the various levels of industrial development in constantly changing forms. Author is dealing with general trends of development, with the evolution of production relations, settlement circumstances, and with the changes in the working conditions of the agricultural population. A decision regarding social-economic developmen of agriculture and village is given. Development of agriculture towards the large socialist production-units, the social development of agricultural working people within the conditions of socialism are acceleratively br 'g .ig nearer the time, when with vanishing differences between town and village, industry and agriculture, every s pi ficant contradiction will cease to exist. M. Kubinszky: THOUGHTS ABOUT HUNGARIAN ARCHITECTURE AT THE BEGINNING CENTURY With the beginning century Hungarian architecture was unfolding during the period of fully developped capit. In arts interest was increasingly turning towards the Hungarian scenery and traditions of the Hungarian viliág Nationalism of this period believed to reveal here the sources of national power in its flush of relative liberty g;<inec a few decades ego, and Hungarian architecture of this period is reflecting this clearly. Nor is this architecture to be separated from foreign trends. The struggle for the harmonic synthesis of contents and form commenced and was fought by van de Velde, Otto Wagner and — on a national base — by Ödön Lechner. The new form can be approached by a new expression of shape in masses and spaces, and at the moment architecture arrived at this revelation, that certain quality-change occured delimiting classic from modern. This event undoubtedly occured during the strivings of styles period around the turn of the century, it is thus a most important link towards the evolution of modern styles Diverging possibilities of constructions, plus a multifariousness of tasks resulted in a' plurality of tendencies difficult to systematize. After thoroughly analysing the different tendencies author is stating the fact that Hungarian architecture of century’s commencement finished with the proclamation of the Hunga an Councils Republic (1919). Judith G.—Dér: THE RECONSTRUCTION OF MEDIAEVAL BUDA-CASTLE .............................................. p. 49. Few people in Hungary walking along the Pest-side embankments of the Danube do not cast an inquisitive glance up to monumental Buda-Castle. This interest increased since excavations and reconstruction-works on the castle and palace of the Árpád-kings started. The reconstruction of Buda-Castle consists of two parts, viz.: the rebuilding of baroque royal palace of the Habsburgs, heavily damaged during the siege in 1945, and the reconstruction of the royal castle and fortress of the Árpád-kings burried during centuries. Author is dealing with the latter, and is demonstrating during a promenade the present state of the excavations and reconstruction works. Building on the Castle-Hill began after the tartar-invasion under Béla IV. (XIII. Cent.) Its most glorious period was under king Sigismund and Matthias Corvinus (XV. Cent.) Regarding the ruins of the royal palace efforts are made to preserve the fragments excavated and only those part of the building are going to be restored completely where the original state can be reestablished without any doubt.

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